1547 Ivan the Terrible, the first to assume the title of ´Tsar´, was

·1547 Ivan the Terrible, the first to assume the title of ´Tsar´, was crowned.
伊凡雷帝加冕，成为俄国第一个称沙皇的君主。

·1957 Arturo Toscanini, Italian-born American conductor and musical director, died in New York aged 89.
美籍意大利音乐指挥阿图罗·托斯卡尼尼在纽约逝世，终年89岁。